《世說新語》反義復(fù)詞試探

摘   要

《世說新語》的中反義復(fù)詞比起先秦文獻(xiàn)有明顯的增加，作用也越來越重要。從兩個(gè)語素的意義關(guān)系看，有非A即B、非A未必B和AB相向3種關(guān)系類型。從兩語素的位置看，與現(xiàn)代漢語相比，3種情況：1是古今都只有AB式 ；2是AB式、BA式《世說》中并存，現(xiàn)代漢語只存AB式 ；3是古今AB式、BA式并存。從詞性構(gòu)成看，名詞構(gòu)成有名+名、動(dòng)+動(dòng)和形+形3種；動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成有動(dòng)+動(dòng)、名+名和形+形3種；形容詞構(gòu)成僅有形+形1種。從語義構(gòu)成看，有本義+本義、引申義+引申義和本義+引申義3種。反義復(fù)詞偏義用法的形成是語言內(nèi)部原因和外部原因共同作用的結(jié)果。
關(guān)鍵詞：世說新語；反義復(fù)詞；類型；特點(diǎn)；成因
 

ABSTRACT

The antonymous compounds have obviously increased than XianQin’s books in Shi Shuo Xin Yu, the compounds’ functions have become more and more important too.
From the meaning relation between two morphemes, they have not A is B, not A is not B and conversely AB three types. From the order between two morphemes, and compared with contemporary Chinese, have three types: The first is that ancient Chinese and and contemporary Chinese both have AB type; the second is that the AB t type and BA type both have in Shi Shuo’s time and AB type only in contemporary Chinese. The third is that ancient Chinese and contemporary Chinese both have AB type and BA type. From the constitution between two words, the nouns consist of noun + noun, verb + verb and adjective + adjective; the verbs consist of verb + verb, noun + noun, adjective + adjective; the adjectives consist of only have adjective +adjective. From the meaning of words, have original meaning + original meaning, extended meaning + extended meaning, original meaning + extended meaning three types. The antonymous compounds of meaning-focused  were caused by internal factor together with exterior factor in Chinese.
Key words: Shi Shuo Xin Yu; antonymous compound; type; characteristic; causal

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